From Waste to Power: Fly Ash-Based Silicone Anode Lithium-Ion Batteries Enhancing PV Systems
Abstract
Indonesia's high solar irradiance, averaging 4.8 kWh/m²/day, presents a significant opportunity to harness solar power to meet growing energy demands. Fly ash, abundant in Indonesia and rich in silicon dioxide (40-60% SiO2), can be repurposed into high-value silicon anodes. The successful extraction of silicon from fly ash, increasing SiO2 content from 49.21% to 93.52%, demonstrates the potential for converting industrial waste into valuable battery components. Combining these advanced batteries with PV systems improves overall efficiency and reliability. Energy charge and discharge experiments reveal high energy efficiency for silicon-anode batteries, peaking at 80.53% and declining to 67.67% after ten cycles. Impedance spectroscopy tests indicate that the S120 sample, with the lowest impedance values, is most suitable for high-efficiency applications. Photovoltaic (PV) system integration experiments show that while increased irradiance generally boosts power output, other factors like PV cell characteristics and load conditions also play crucial roles. In summary, leveraging Indonesia's solar potential with fly ash-based silicon anode batteries and advanced predictive analytics addresses energy and environmental challenges. This innovative approach enhances battery performance and promotes the circular economy by converting waste into high-value products, paving the way for a sustainable and efficient energy future.
Downloads
References
H. M. Yudha, T. Dewi, P. Risma, and Y. Oktarina, Life Cycle Analysis for the Feasibility of Photovoltaic System Application in Indonesia, in IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 124, 2018, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/124/1/012005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/124/1/012005
T. Dewi, P. Risma, and Y. Oktarina, A Review of Factors Affecting the Efficiency and Output of a PV system Applied in Tropical Climate, in IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 258, 2019, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/258/1/012039. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/258/1/012039
A. Zullah, T. Dewi, and Rusdianasari, Performance Analysis of Ship Mounting PV Panels Deployed in Sungsang Estuary and Bangka Strait, Indonesia, Sinergi, vol. 28, no. 1, 2024, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2024.1.017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2024.1.017
S. Polat and H. Sekerci, The Determination of Optimal Operating Condition for an Off-Grid Hybrid Renewable Energy Based Micro-Grid: A Case Study in Izmir, Turkey, EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 597-608, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.24003/emitter.v9i1.597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v9i1.597
A. A. Sasmanto, T. Dewi, and Rusdianasari, Eligibility Study on Floating Solar Panel Installation over Brackish Water in Sungsang, South Sumatra, EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 514-523, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.24003/emitter.v8i1.514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v8i1.514
B. P. A. Rohman, C. Hilman, E. Tridianto, and T. H. Ariwibowo, Power Generation Forecasting of Dual-Axis Solar Tracked PV System Based on Averaging and Simple Weighting Ensemble Neural Networks, EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 341-351, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.24003/emitter.v6i2.341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v6i2.341
T. B. Sitorus, Z. Lubis, F. Ariani, and F. Sembiring, Study on Thermoelectric Cooler Driven by Solar Energy in Medan City, EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 303-311, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.24003/emitter.v6i2.303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v6i2.303
Y. Oktarina, Z. Nawawi, B. Y. Suprapto and T. Dewi, Digitized Smart Solar Powered Agriculture Implementation in Palembang, South Sumatra, in Proc. 2023 10th Int. Conf. on Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Informatics (EECSI), Palembang, Indonesia, 2023, pp. 60-65, doi: 10.1109/EECSI59885.2023.10295805. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/EECSI59885.2023.10295805
Y. Mases, T. Dewi, and Rusdianasari, Solar Radiation Effect on Solar Powered Pump Performance of an Automatic Sprinkler System, in Proc. 2021 Int. Conf. on Electrical and Information Technology (IEIT), 2021, pp. 246-250, doi: 10.1109/IEIT53149.2021.9587360 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IEIT53149.2021.9587360
P. P. Putra, T. Dewi, and Rusdianasari, MPPT Implementation for Solar-powered Watering System Performance Enhancement, Technology Reports of Kansai University, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 6919-6931, 2021. ISSN: 04532198.
T. Sujati, T. Dewi, and Rusdianasari, Charging System Design of a Solar Powered Mobile Manipulator, in Proc. 2021 Int. Conf. on Electrical and Information Technology (IEIT), 2021, pp. 179-184, doi: 10.1109/IEIT53149.2021.9587401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IEIT53149.2021.9587401
F. Septiarini, T. Dewi, and Rusdianasari, Design of a solar-powered mobile manipulator using fuzzy logic controller of agriculture application, Int. J. Comput. Vis. Robot., vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 506-531, 2022, doi: 10.1504/IJCVR.2022.125356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCVR.2022.125356
B. Dunn, H. Kamath, and J.-M. Tarascon, Electrical energy storage for the grid: a battery of choices, Science, vol. 334, pp. 928-935, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1212741
P. J. Hall and E. J. Bain, Energy-storage technologies and electricity generation, Energy Policy, vol. 36, pp. 4352-4355, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.09.037
N. Nitta, F. Wu, J. T. Lee, and G. Yushin, Li-ion battery materials: present and future, Materials Today, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 252-264, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2014.10.040
D. S. Jung et al., Recycling rice husks for high-capacity lithium battery anodes, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 110, pp. 12229–12234, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1305025110
N. Liu et al., Rice husks as a sustainable source of nanostructured silicon for high performance Li-ion battery anodes, Scientific Reports, vol. 3, p. 1919, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01919
Y. Jiang et al., A sustainable route from fly ash to silicon nanorods for high performance lithium ion batteries, Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 330, pp. 1052–1059, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.08.061
N. Shigemoto, H. Hayashi, and K. Miyaura, Selective formation of Na-X zeolite from coal fly ash by fusion with sodium hydroxide prior to hydrothermal reaction, Journal of Materials Science, vol. 28, pp. 4781-4786, 1993, doi: 10.1007/BF00354621. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00414272
S. S. Bukhari, J. Behin, H. Kazemian, and S. Rohani, Conversion of coal fly ash to zeolite utilizing microwave and ultrasound energies: A review, Fuel, vol. 140, pp. 250-266, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.077. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.077
K. Burnard and S. Bhattacharya, Power generation from coal, IEA Energy Papers, 2011, doi: 10.1787/5kg3n27pxf0n-en.
N. Chandra, P. Sharma, G. L. Pashkov, E. N. Voskresenskaya, S. S. Amritphale, and N. S. Baghel, Coal fly ash utilization: Low temperature sintering of wall tiles, Waste Management, vol. 28, pp. 1993-2002, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.06.009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.09.001
J.-Y. Li et al., Research progress regarding Si-based anode materials towards practical application in high energy density Li-ion batteries, Materials Chemistry Frontiers, vol. 1, pp. 1691–1708, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C6QM00302H
W. Choi, H.-C. Shin, J. M. Kim, J.-Y. Choi, and W.-S. Yoon, Modeling and Applications of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for Lithium-ion Batteries, J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-13, 2020, doi: 10.33961/jecst.2019.00528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2019.00528
Copyright (c) 2024 EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright to this article is transferred to Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya(PENS) if and when the article is accepted for publication. The undersigned hereby transfers any and all rights in and to the paper including without limitation all copyrights to PENS. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment. The copyright transfer form can be downloaded here .
The corresponding author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. This agreement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who have obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. After submission of this agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted.
Retained Rights/Terms and Conditions
- Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the Work.
- Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the work or derivative works for the author’s personal use or company use, provided that the source and the copyright notice of Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya (PENS) publisher are indicated.
- Authors are allowed to use and reuse their articles under the same CC-BY-NC-SA license as third parties.
- Third-parties are allowed to share and adapt the publication work for all non-commercial purposes and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute under the same license as the original.
Plagiarism Check
To avoid plagiarism activities, the manuscript will be checked twice by the Editorial Board of the EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology (EMITTER Journal) using iThenticate Plagiarism Checker and the CrossCheck plagiarism screening service. The similarity score of a manuscript has should be less than 25%. The manuscript that plagiarizes another author’s work or author's own will be rejected by EMITTER Journal.
Authors are expected to comply with EMITTER Journal's plagiarism rules by downloading and signing the plagiarism declaration form here and resubmitting the form, along with the copyright transfer form via online submission.