Performance Evaluation of mm-Wave Based System in GFDM- 5G and Beyond Channel Model with Dust Storm Scenario
Abstract
Telecommunication has made tremendous improvements in terms of bandwidth, requiring good frequency location, high data rates, and wideband spectrum availability. One solution to these requirements is the millimeter wave frequency band of 30 GHz. However, communication in this band is facing new challenges due to climate effects such as humidity, dust storms, and temperature. For fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks and beyond, Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) has been proposed as a compelling candidate to substitute Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The GFDM's ability to adapt the block size and type of pulse shaping filters enables it to meet various crucial requirements, including low latency, low Out-Of-Band(OOB) radiation, and high data rates. This paper evaluated the overall GFDM performance and investigated the Bit Error Rate (BER) across a Rayleigh channel under various weather conditions. The simulation results show that GFDM outperforms the current OFDM candidate system. Also, GFDM offers better resistance to the Rayleigh channel with moderate and heavy dust storms in terms of BER.
Downloads
References
B. Alfaresi, Z. Nawawi, R. F. Malik, K. Anwar, and L. O. Nur, Humidity Effect to 5G Performance under Palembang Channel Model at 28 GHz, Sinergi, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 49–56, 2020.
Y. Zhou, Y. Zhang, M. Liu, H. Li, and F. Gao, Design of Vehicle Remote Monitoring System Based on 4G and FlexRay, in 2018 IEEE 18th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT), pp. 478–482, 2018.
E. Calvanese Strinati et al., 6G: The Next Frontier: From Holographic Messaging to Artificial Intelligence Using Subterahertz and Visible Light Communication, IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 42–58, 2019.
R. P. Hudhajanto, I. G. P. Astawa, and A. Sudarsono, Covert communication in mimo-ofdm system using pseudo random location of fake subcarriers, Emit. Int. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 150–163, 2016.
S. Kaur, L. Kansal, G. S. Gaba, and N. Safarov, Survey of Filter Bank Multicarrier ( FBMC ) as an efficient waveform for 5G, Int. J. Pure Appl. Maathematics, vol. 118, no. 7, pp. 45–49, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://www.ijpam.eu.
Z. Zhang, H. Wang, G. Yu, Y. Zhang, and X. Wang, Universal filtered multi-carrier transmission with adaptive active interference cancellation, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 2554–2567, 2017.
F. T. Monteiro et al., Experimental evaluation of pulse shaping based 5G multicarrier modulation formats in visible light communication systems, Opt. Commun., vol. 457, p. 124693, 2020.
Z. S. Hammed, S. Y. Ameen, and S. R. M. Zeebaree, Massive MIMO-OFDM performance enhancement on 5G, in 2021 29th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks, SoftCOM 2021, pp. 1–6, 2021.
P. C. Chen and B. Su, Filter optimization of out-of-band radiation with performance constraints for GFDM systems, in IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications, SPAWC, 2017, vol. 2017, pp. 1–5, Jul 2017.
T. Kebede, Y. Wondie, J. Steinbrunn, H. B. Kassa, and K. T. Kornegay, Multi-carrier waveforms and multiple access strategies in wireless networks: Performance, applications, and challenges, IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 21120–21140, 2022.
M. Rico-Martinez, C. C. C. Vasquez, S. I. Rodriguez, G. M. V. Duran, and I. T. Monroy, Comparison of performance between OFDM and GFDM in a 3.5 GHz band 5G hybrid Fiber-Wireless link using SDR, in 2018 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP), pp. 1–4, 2018.
C. Sharma, S. K. Tomar, and A. Kumar, A comparison of GFDM and OFDM at same and different spectral efficiency condition, in Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks: ICICV 2019, pp. 282–293, 2020.
R. Gerzaguet et al., The 5G candidate waveform race: a comparison of complexity and performance, Eurasip J. Wirel. Commun. Netw., vol. 2017, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2017.
T. Pitchaiah and R. S. Yarrabothu, Performance analysis of OQAM based GFDM 5G systems under line of sight fading scenarios, in 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS), pp. 602–606, 2017.
S. Sun, G. R. Maccartney, and T. S. Rappaport, A novel millimeter-wave channel simulator and applications for 5G wireless communications, in IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 1–7, 2017.
A. Al-Omary, Investigating the visibility of 28 and 73 GHz frequency bands for outdoor MIMO channel, Int. J. Comput. Digit. Syst., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 503–513, 2020..
Z. A. Shamsan,A Statistical Channel Propagation Analysis for 5G mmWave at 73 GHz in Urban Microcell, Lect. Notes Data Eng. Commun. Technol., vol. 72, pp. 748–756, 2021.
E. D. Wardihani, H. W. Astuti, A. Suharjono, and S. Pramono, Performance of 5G-NR under Semarang Channel Model, in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1096, no. 1, p. 12078, 2021.
Z. S. Hammed, S. Y. Ameen, and S. R. M. Zeebaree, Investigation of 5G Wireless Communication with Dust and Sand Storms, J. Commun., vol. 18, no. 1, 2023.
X. Zhang, M. Jia, L. Chen, J. Ma, and J. Qiu, Filtered-OFDM - Enabler for flexible waveform in the 5th generation cellular networks, in 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2015, pp. 1–6, 2015.
Z. A. Sim, F. H. Juwono, R. Reine, Z. Zang, and L. Gopal, Performance of GFDM systems using quadratic programming pulse shaping filter design, IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 37134–37146, 2020.
A. Mohammadian, A. Mohammadi, A. Abdipour, and M. Baghani, Spectral analysis of GFDM modulated signal under nonlinear behavior of power amplifier, Wirel. Networks, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 137–149, 2021.
S. Mohanraj and P. Dananjayan, Performance analysis of GFDM system using LDGT for varying window, in 2019 IEEE International Conference on System, Computation, Automation and Networking, ICSCAN 2019, pp. 1–4, 2019.
M. Matthe, N. Michailow, I. Gaspar, and G. Fettweis, Influence of pulse shaping on bit error rate performance and out of band radiation of Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing, in 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC 2014, pp. 43–48, 2014.
P. Kumar, L. Kansal, G. S. Gaba, M. Mounir, A. Sharma, and P. K. Singh, Impact of peak to average power ratio reduction techniques on Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing for 5th generation systems, Comput. Electr. Eng., vol. 95, p. 107386, 2021.
Z. S. Al-Timime, Signal Denoising Using Double Density Discrete Wavelet Transform, Al-Nahrain J. Sci., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 125–129, 2017.
G. Wunder et al., 5GNOW: Non-orthogonal, asynchronous waveforms for future mobile applications, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 97–105, 2014.
Z. A. Shamsan, Dust Storm and Diffraction Modelling for 5G Spectrum Wireless Fixed Links in Arid Regions, IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 162828–162840, 2019.
E. M. Alfaroby, N. M. Adriansyah, and K. Anwar, Study on channel model for Indonesia 5G networks, in 2018 International Conference on Signals and Systems (ICSigSys), pp. 125–130, 2018.
G. R. MacCartney and T. S. Rappaport, Rural macrocell path loss models for millimeter wave wireless communications, IEEE J. Sel. areas Commun., vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1663–1677, 2017.
M. K. Elmezughi and T. J. Afullo, An Efficient Approach of Improving Path Loss Models for Future Mobile Networks in Enclosed Indoor Environments, IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 110332–110345, 2021.
C.-X. Wang, J. Bian, J. Sun, W. Zhang, and M. Zhang, A survey of 5G channel measurements and models, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 3142–3168, 2018.
E. M. M. Abuhdima et al., The effect of Dust and Sand on the 5G Millimeter-Wave links, 2021 IEEE Int. Conf. Wirel. Sp. Extrem. Environ. WiSEE 2021, pp. 60–65, 2021.
N. Ram, H. Gao, H. Qin, M. T. Oo, and Y. T. Htun, Statistical Channel Modelling of Millimetre Waves at 28 GHz and 73 GHz Frequency Signals Using MIMO Antennas, in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, vol. 1732, no. 1, pp. 12184.
A. Kumar, A. Kumar, and A. Kumar, A broadband circularly polarized monopole antenna for millimeter‐wave short range 5G wireless communication, Int. J. RF Microw. Comput. Eng., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. e22518, 2021.
Z. Xiao et al., A survey on millimeter-wave beamforming enabled UAV communications and networking, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 557–610, 2021.
A. Xia et al., 28 GHz MIMO channel capacity analysis for 5G wireless communication systems, in 2018 12th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory (ISAPE), pp. 1–4, 2018.
J. Vihriälä et al., Numerology and frame structure for 5G radio access, in 2016 IEEE 27th annual international symposium on personal, indoor, and mobile radio communications (PIMRC), pp. 1–5, 2016.
M. Mukhlisin, H. W. Astuti, and E. D. Wardihani, Rain Rate Influence on Performance of Semarang 5G-NR Channel Model, in International Conference on Innovation in Science and Technology (ICIST 2020), pp. 110–113, 2021.
A. Hilario-Tacuri and A. Tamo, BER performance of mm-Wave based systems in rainfall scenarios, in 2018 IEEE XXV International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computing (INTERCON), pp. 1–4, 2018.
A. E. Jayati, Wirawan, T. Suryani, and Endroyono, Nonlinear Distortion Cancellation using Predistorter in MIMO-GFDM Systems, Electronics, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 620, 2019.
E. Çatak and L. Durak-Ata, Waveform design considerations for 5G wireless networks, Towar. 5G Wirel. Networks-A Phys. Layer Perspect., pp. 27–48, 2016.
Copyright (c) 2024 EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright to this article is transferred to Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya(PENS) if and when the article is accepted for publication. The undersigned hereby transfers any and all rights in and to the paper including without limitation all copyrights to PENS. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment. The copyright transfer form can be downloaded here .
The corresponding author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. This agreement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who have obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. After submission of this agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted.
Retained Rights/Terms and Conditions
- Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the Work.
- Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the work or derivative works for the author’s personal use or company use, provided that the source and the copyright notice of Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya (PENS) publisher are indicated.
- Authors are allowed to use and reuse their articles under the same CC-BY-NC-SA license as third parties.
- Third-parties are allowed to share and adapt the publication work for all non-commercial purposes and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute under the same license as the original.
Plagiarism Check
To avoid plagiarism activities, the manuscript will be checked twice by the Editorial Board of the EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology (EMITTER Journal) using iThenticate Plagiarism Checker and the CrossCheck plagiarism screening service. The similarity score of a manuscript has should be less than 25%. The manuscript that plagiarizes another author’s work or author's own will be rejected by EMITTER Journal.
Authors are expected to comply with EMITTER Journal's plagiarism rules by downloading and signing the plagiarism declaration form here and resubmitting the form, along with the copyright transfer form via online submission.